WHO endorses lifestyle changes over GLP-1 drugs in child obesity fight
Children under 10 should avoid weight-loss drugs, surgery — health agency
Adds obesity drugs should be considered for adolescents only if other interventions fail
WHO says 170 million people aged 5-19 lived with obesity in 2024
The World Health Organization on Wednesday recommended diet, exercise and counseling over popular weight-loss drugs in its first global guidelines addressing rising obesity among younger children.
According to UNICEF data, obesity has surpassed being underweight as the most common form of malnutrition in school children and adolescents worldwide.
The health agency said weight-loss drugs may be considered for adolescents aged 10 to 19 with obesity but only after supervised interventions have failed. Bariatric surgery could be considered for physically and mentally mature adolescents with severe obesity after six months of unsuccessful treatment, it said.
For children under 10, WHO endorsed diet, physical activity and combined behavioral support instead of obesity medication, surgery or devices because of doubts over their safety and long-term effectiveness.
Luz María De Regil, director of the Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, said there is currently insufficient evidence on GLP-1 drugs, though researchers are monitoring efficacy and safety trials and may revise that assessment as more data emerges.
“The foundation of obesity care for children and adolescents is not medicine or surgery, but access to comprehensive support that enables healthy eating, physical activity and sustainable behaviour change,” De Regil said.
Some GLP-1 medicines are already approved for weight-loss in younger patients. Novo Nordisk’s (NOVOb.CO), opens new tab Wegovy and Saxenda can be used by certain adolescents 12 and older in the United States and the European Union. The EU also allows Saxenda for some children aged six to 11.
For children and adolescents with obesity, WHO strongly suggested tailored diets, physical activity and behavioral programs involving caregivers, with supervised digital support cited as optional.
Healthy diets and physical activity must also be accessible and affordable because treatment alone cannot halt rising obesity, WHO said.
About 400 million people aged 5 to 19 were overweight in 2024, including 170 million living with obesity, WHO said. Obesity prevalence in the group has quadrupled since 1990.
